Amyloidosis related to HIV – An unusual cause of nephrotic syndrome in HIV patients

Human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV)/ acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a multisystemic disease which has become a global pandemic1. With prolonged survival and aging of the HIVinfected population in the era of antiretroviral therapy, a growing number of diseases affecting different organ systems in the general population are becoming manifest in these patients2, as is the case of kidney disease related to HIV infection1. Patients with HIV are at risk of both acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD), secondary to nephrotoxic medication, HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) and other glomerulopathies2. In addition, HIVpositive patients may be at increased risk of progressive kidney disease related to hepatitis B or C virus co-infection, and comorbid or treatment-related diabetes and hypertension2. Renal disease in HIV-infected patients was first described by Rao et al3 in 1984, as a focal and segmental glomerulonephritis subsequently termed HIVAN, and although this is usually the most common „  ABSTRACT